Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences

The essential oil of commiphora myrrha resin, commonly referred to as myrrha, has been utilized for centuries in a variety of traditional medicinal and fragrant applications. Myrrha has been an essential component in cultural practices, from religious ceremonies to therapeutic treatments for conditions such as inflammation, pain, and infections. this study investigates the chemical composition of steam-distilled essential oil derived from commiphora myrrha resin sourced from Somalia, the essential oil was extracted using steam distillation method, which is widely regarded for preserving the aromatic and therapeutic qualities of plant material. The chemical profile of the essential oil was analyzed using GC-MS, a highly effective technique for identifying and quantifying volatile compounds, the analysis revealed a complex composition dominated by terpenes and sesquiterpenes, with (alpha)α-pinene (24.54%), L-terpinen-4-ol (13.21%), and beta-ocimene (11.80%) identified as the major constituents. These compounds are known for their various bioactive properties, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, which contribute to the medicinal potential of the oil, in addition to the chemical composition, the physical properties of the essential oil were assessed. the steam distillation process resulted in a golden -yellow oil, which is typical for C. myrrha essential oil, the density and  refractive index of the oil were found to be 0.8791 g per cm³and 1.481-1.485, respectively, as measured using a pycnometer and refractometer, these physical characteristics are important for determining the quality and purity of the oil, as well as its suitability for various industrial applications, including cosmetics and aromatherapy. overall, the results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemical and physical properties of commiphora myrrha essential oil, contributing to its potential for a wide range of applications in natural medicine and wellness.